vitamins through supplementation can contribute to the support of immune system functions.

The immune system is a complex network of cells, processes, and chemicals dedicated to defending the body against pathogens like viruses, toxins, and bacteria (1Trusted Source, 2Trusted Source). Sustaining a healthy immune system year-round is vital for preventing infections and diseases.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including consuming nutritious foods, ensuring sufficient sleep, and engaging in regular exercise, is fundamental to fortifying the immune system. Additionally, research indicates that certain supplements, encompassing vitamins, minerals, herbs, and other substances, can enhance immune response and potentially provide protection against illnesses. It's crucial to be aware that some supplements may interact with medications and may not be suitable for individuals with specific health conditions. Before initiating any supplement regimen, consulting with a healthcare professional is recommended.

Outlined below are 15 supplements recognised for their potential to boost the immune system:

Vitamin D: Vitamin D, an essential fat-soluble nutrient, enhances the pathogen-fighting effects of immune cells and reduces inflammation, supporting overall immune response. Research suggests that supplementing with vitamin D may decrease the risk of respiratory infections and improve the response to antiviral treatments.

Zinc: Zinc, essential for immune cell development and communication, protects tissue barriers and is crucial for proper immune system function. Studies indicate that zinc supplements may protect against respiratory tract infections and reduce the duration of illnesses such as the common cold.

Vitamin C: Vitamin C is renowned for its role in immune health, supporting the function of immune cells and acting as a powerful antioxidant. Supplementing with vitamin C has been shown to reduce the severity and duration of upper respiratory tract infections.

Elderberry: Black elderberry exhibits antibacterial and antiviral potential, potentially shortening the duration and severity of colds. While elderberry may help relieve symptoms of certain infections, caution is advised, and its use should be directed by healthcare professionals.

Medicinal Mushrooms: Various medicinal mushrooms, including cordyceps, lion’s mane, maitake, shitake, reishi, and turkey tail, have been studied for their immune-boosting properties. These mushrooms may enhance immune response and reduce symptoms of conditions such as asthma and lung infections.

6–15. Other Supplements with Immune-Boosting Potential: Additional supplements, such as astragalus, selenium, garlic, andrographis, licorice, pelargonium sidoides, B complex vitamins, curcumin, echinacea, and propolis, have been researched for their potential immune-boosting effects.

It's important to note that while these supplements may offer immune support, they should not replace a healthy lifestyle. A balanced diet, adequate sleep, regular exercise, and avoidance of smoking remain pivotal in maintaining a healthy immune system. Before trying any supplements, consulting with a healthcare professional is advisable. Moreover, there is no scientific evidence suggesting that these supplements can protect against COVID-19, emphasising the importance of ongoing research.